African countries adopt early warning systems and urban cooling measures as heat records climb

ANBAR, Iraq — African governments are rolling out early warning systems and adaptation measures as temperatures across the continent reach new highs, with West Africa and the Sahel region recording 40–50°C in 2024. In Burkina Faso, a national early warning plan is activated whenever temperatures exceed 42.4°C for three consecutive days. The campaign, branded "Drink Water and Survive," includes local media outreach, field visits to vulnerable groups, water distribution in low-income neighborhoods and guidance on limiting sun exposure. Senegal is expanding its programs on the health effects of extreme heat nationwide. In South Africa, the University of Cape Town is piloting roof coatings designed to reflect solar radiation and lower indoor temperatures. In Djibouti, authorities are identifying new areas for tree planting and park upgrades in the capital, where 66 days a year exceed 35°C. In Mauritania, workers on an iron ore railway line are being given water, regular breaks and emergency protocols to operate in high heat. Experts warn that urban heat islands and asphalt temperatures above 59°C are shortening road lifespans and raising infrastructure costs, making adaptation an economic necessity. African governments say they face heavy climate impacts despite limited greenhouse gas shares and are calling for increased international climate finance.